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    Lesson 3: International Standards

    The human rights formulated in all major international human rights treaties must be applied also to all peoples, without discrimination on any basis.

    The following are the relevant international agreements on the rights not to be discriminated against on any grounds whatsoever.

    The principle of non-discrimination is expressed in Article 2 of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights (UDHR):

    "Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth ...without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status"

    And the right to adhere to and to change one's religion and beliefs, and thus, to transcend culturual constraints is expressed in Article 18 of the UDHR:

    "Everyone has the tights to freedom of thought, conscience and religion, this rights includes freedom to change his religion or belief..."

    The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD) defines racial discriminations in Article 1:

    .."any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent or national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life."

    CERD also, in article 4:

    i) prohibits any propaganda activities that incite racial discrimination, and the formation of any participation in organizations that engage in such activities,

    ii) clearly states that special measures to uplift the lives of disadvantaged groups should be deemed necessary and not discriminatory against other groups

    iii) recognizes the importance of effective measures in the fields of teaching, education, culture and information with a view to combating prejudices

    iv) bans any acts of discrimination in areas of housing, employment and marriage,

    v) obligates public institutions, national or local, to prohibit and bring to an end racial discrimination by any persons, group or organization.

    Article 4 of CERD:

    "State Parties condemn all propaganda and all organisations which are based on ideas or theories of superiority of one race or group of persons of one colour or ethnic origin, or which attempt to justify or promote racial hatred and discrimination in any form, and undertake to adopt immediate and positive measures designed to eradicate all incitement to, or acts of, such discrimination."

    Human Rights Correspondence School
    Asian Human Rights Commission
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